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1 substantial analysis
Большой англо-русский и русско-английский словарь > substantial analysis
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2 substantial analysis
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3 substantial analysis
Макаров: вещественный анализ -
4 substantial analysis
English-Russian scientific dictionary > substantial analysis
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5 analysis
1) анализ
2) анализирование
3) состав
4) исследование
5) разбор
6) проба
– activation analysis
– activity analysis
– analysis by scanning
– analysis by synthesis
– analysis is in control
– analysis of causes
– analysis of variance
– anticipatory analysis
– approximate analysis
– arbitrary analysis
– ash analysis
– biochemical analysis
– blow-pipe analysis
– break-even analysis
– bulk analysis
– bunch map analysis
– carry out analysis
– cause-and-effect analysis
– circuit analysis
– cluster analysis
– colorimetric analysis
– combinatorial analysis
– combustion analysis
– complete analysis
– component analysis
– composite analysis
– compound analysis
– conductimetric analysis
– confluence analysis
– conformational analysis
– correlation analysis
– cost analysis
– coulometric analysis
– covariance analysis
– cross-impact analysis
– cross-sectional analysis
– crystallographic analysis
– decantation analysis
– decision analysis
– demand analysis
– dimensional analysis
– distillation analysis
– drop analysis
– dry analysis
– error analysis
– factor analysis
– failure analysis
– float-and-sink analysis
– flue-gas analysis
– fluorimetric analysis
– Fourier analysis
– fractional analysis
– frequency analysis
– fusion analysis
– guaranteed analysis
– harmonic analysis
– immersion analysis
– impact analysis
– in the last analysis
– inorganic analysis
– input analysis
– input-output analysis
– isotope-dilution analysis
– jet analysis
– kinematic analysis
– ladle analysis
– limit analysis
– loop analysis
– magnetothermal analysis
– marginal analysis
– marketing analysis
– mesh analysis
– metallographic analysis
– microvolumetric analysis
– model analysis
– multivariate analysis
– nephelometric analysis
– network analysis
– nodal analysis
– noise analysis
– numerical analysis
– on-stream analysis
– ore analysis
– organoleptic analysis
– partial analysis
– particle-size analysis
– petrographic analysis
– pressure-field analysis
– proximate analysis
– pulse-height analysis
– pyrochemical analysis
– quantitative analysis
– radioactivation analysis
– radiographic analysis
– radiometric analysis
– refractometric analysis
– regression analysis
– sampling analysis
– scanning analysis
– sedimentation analysis
– sequential analysis
– sewage analysis
– side analysis
– simulation analysis
– specify analysis
– spectrographic analysis
– spectrophotometric analysis
– spectrum analysis
– strength analysis
– stress analysis
– stroboscopic analysis
– structural analysis
– substantial analysis
– successive analysis
– systematic analysis
– systems analysis
– tapping analysis
– tensor analysis
– thermogravimetric analysis
– time-and-frequency analysis
– titimetric analysis
– titrimetric analysis
– trace analysis
– tracer analysis
– trade-off analysis
– transient analysis
– turbidimetric analysis
– ultimate analysis
– vacuum-fusion analysis
– vector analysis
– volumetric analysis
– weight analysis
– wet analysis
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6 analysis
1) анализ; исследование; изучение2) разбор3) анализ, состав•analysis in time domain — матем. временной анализ
analysis is in control — хим. состав попадает в анализ
analysis situs — матем. топология
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7 substantial
1) субстанциальный
2) вещественный
3) материальный
4) реальный
5) существенный
6) важный
7) капитальный
8) основательный
9) фундаментальный
– not substantial
– substantial analysis -
8 quantitative analysis of a substantial corpus of the Arabic lexicon
Универсальный англо-русский словарь > quantitative analysis of a substantial corpus of the Arabic lexicon
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9 вещественный анализ
Большой англо-русский и русско-английский словарь > вещественный анализ
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10 вещественный анализ
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11 вещественный анализ
Русско-английский научно-технический словарь Масловского > вещественный анализ
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12 анализ
м. analysis, determination; examinationпри анализе система разделяется на … — a system is analyzed into …
проводить анализ на … — carry out an analysis for …
количественный анализ позволяет определить количества веществ — quantitative analysis determines substances
анализ нелинейных систем методом гармонического баланса — non-linear system analysis by the describing function method
анализ нелинейных систем методом малого параметра — non-linear system analysis by the perturbation theory
Синонимический ряд:разбор (сущ.) разбор; рассмотрениеАнтонимический ряд: -
13 result
n1) результат, следствие, последствие2) брит. полит. жарг. арест; успешное осуждение преступника3) брит. уголовн. жарг. оправдание•to abide by / to accept the result — признавать результаты ( выборов)
to achieve results — добиваться / достигать результатов
to attain results — добиваться / достигать результатов
to communicate results (to smb) — сообщать результаты (кому-л.)
to get results — добиваться / достигать результатов
to give results — давать / приносить результаты
to obtain results — добиваться / достигать результатов
to pool the results — подытоживать результаты; подводить итоги
to produce results — давать / приносить результаты
to rig / to stage-manage election results — подтасовывать / фальсифицировать результаты выборов
- approximate resultto yield results — давать / приносить результаты
- close result
- contest results
- detailed coverage of the election results
- disappointing results
- disastrous results
- early results
- election results
- encouraging results
- end result
- falsification of the election results
- final results
- good results
- immediate result
- inconclusive results of an election
- initial results show a clear lead for...
- initial results
- invalid result
- meaningful results
- necessary results
- official results
- optimum result
- phoned-in results
- political results
- positive result
- preliminary election results
- provisional election results
- referendum results
- result is definitive
- result is final
- results are in the balance
- results are predetermined
- results obtained
- ruinous results
- significant results
- smb's poor results in the election
- tangible result
- voting results
- with almost half of the results in
- without concrete results -
14 анализ
analysis, dissection, examination, investigation, scan, scanning, test, review, study* * *ана́лиз м.
analysis, determination; ( визуальный) examinationне попада́ть в ана́лиз (о сплавах и т. п.) — be out of controlподверга́ть, напр. люминесце́нтному ана́лизу — analyze by, e. g., fluorescenceподверга́ть стро́гому ана́лизу мат. — subject to a rigorous analysis, analyze rigorously [in rigorous terms]поддава́ться ана́лизу — be analysableпопада́ть в ана́лиз (о сплавах и т. п.) — be in controlпри ана́лизе систе́ма разделя́ется [разбива́ется] на … — a system is analyzed into …проводи́ть ана́лиз — carry out [make, perform] an analysisпроводи́ть ана́лиз на … — carry out an analysis for …, analyze for …абсорбцио́нный ана́лиз — absorption analysisадсорбцио́нный ана́лиз — adsorption analysisактивацио́нный ана́лиз — (radio)activation analysisактивацио́нный, радиохими́ческий ана́лиз — activation analysis with radiochemical separationарбитра́жный ана́лиз — arbitrary [arbitration] analysisана́лиз бесконе́чно ма́лых мат. — infinitesimal calculusбиохими́ческий ана́лиз — biochemical analysisвалово́й ана́лиз — bulk [total, gross] analysisвариацио́нный ана́лиз — analysis of varianceве́кторный ана́лиз — vector analysisвесово́й ана́лиз — weight [gravimetric] analysisвеще́ственный ана́лиз — substantial [material] analysisволюмометри́ческий ана́лиз — volumetric analysisвременно́й ана́лиз — analysis in the time domainга́зовый ана́лиз — gas analysisгармони́ческий ана́лиз — harmonic [Fourier] analysisгравиметри́ческий ана́лиз — gravimetric analysisана́лиз грани́чных усло́вий — limit analysisгранулометри́ческий ана́лиз — particle-size [grain-size] analysisдинамометри́ческий ана́лиз — dynamic force analysisдискре́тный ана́лиз — sampling analysisдисперсио́нный ана́лиз мат., стат. — analysis of varianceдифракцио́нный ана́лиз — diffraction analysisдифференциа́льно-терми́ческий ана́лиз — differential thermal analysisдро́бный ана́лиз — fractional analysisана́лиз дымовы́х га́зов — flue-gas analysisзо́льный ана́лиз — ash analysisана́лиз изло́ма — fracture testизото́пный ана́лиз — isotopic analysisана́лиз изото́пным разбавле́нием — isotope-dilution analysisиммерсио́нный ана́лиз — immersion analysisи́мпульсный ана́лиз — pulse analysisана́лиз и́мпульсов, амплиту́дный — pulse-height analysisинфракра́сный спектра́льный ана́лиз — analysis by infrared spectroscopyкалориметри́ческий ана́лиз — calorimetric analysisка́пельный ана́лиз — drop analysisка́чественный ана́лиз — qualitative analysisка́чественный ана́лиз позволя́ет установи́ть нали́чие веще́ств — qualitative analysis detects substancesкинемати́ческий ана́лиз — kinematic analysisана́лиз ковшо́вой про́бы — ladle analysisколи́чественный ана́лиз — quantitative analysisколи́чественный ана́лиз позволя́ет определи́ть коли́чества веще́ств — quantitative analysis determines substancesколориметри́ческий ана́лиз — colorimetric analysisкомбинато́рный ана́лиз мат. — combinatorial analysisкондуктометри́ческий ана́лиз — conductimetric analysisконтро́льный ана́лиз — check analysisконформацио́нный ана́лиз — conformational analysisкорреляцио́нный ана́лиз — correlation analysisана́лиз кривы́х разго́на хим. — transient response analysisкристаллографи́ческий ана́лиз — crystallographic analysisкристаллохими́ческий ана́лиз — chemical analysis of crystalsкулонометри́ческий ана́лиз — coulometric analysisлюминесце́нтный ана́лиз — fluorimetric [fluorescence] analysis, chemical analysis by fluorescenceмагнитострукту́рный ана́лиз — magnetic structural analysisмасс-спектра́льный ана́лиз — mass spectrometric analysisмасс-спектрографи́ческий ана́лиз — mass spectrographic analysisматемати́ческий ана́лиз — mathematical analysisметаллографи́ческий ана́лиз — metallographic analysisана́лиз ме́тодом ме́ченых а́томов — tracer analysisана́лиз ме́тодом оплавле́ния — fusion analysisана́лиз ме́тодом сухо́го озоле́ния — blowpipe analysisана́лиз ме́тодом титрова́ния — titrimetric analysis, analysis by titrationмехани́ческий ана́лиз — mechanical analysisмногоме́рный ана́лиз — multivariate analysisмо́крый ана́лиз — wet analysisана́лиз на микроэлеме́нты — trace analysisана́лиз на моде́ли — model analysisана́лиз напряже́ний мех. — stress analysisнейтронографи́ческий ана́лиз крист. — neutron diffraction analysisана́лиз нелине́йных систе́м — non-linear system analysisана́лиз нелине́йных систе́м ме́тодом гармони́ческого бала́нса — non-linear system analysis by the describing function methodана́лиз нелине́йных систе́м ме́тодом ма́лого пара́метра — non-linear system analysis by the perturbation theory [method]неоргани́ческий ана́лиз — inorganic analysisнепреры́вный ана́лиз — on-stream analysisнефелометри́ческий ана́лиз — nephelometric analysis, nephelometric determinationобъё́мный ана́лиз — volumetric analysisопережа́ющий ана́лиз ( в автоматическом регулировании) — anticipatory analysisоргани́ческий ана́лиз — organic analysisорганолепти́ческий ана́лиз — organoleptic analysisана́лиз отка́зов — failure analysisана́лиз отму́чиванием — decantation analysisана́лиз перехо́дных проце́ссов — transient (response) analysisпетрографи́ческий ана́лиз — petrographic analysisпирохими́ческий ана́лиз — pyrochemical analysisана́лиз плавле́нием в ва́кууме — vacuumfusion analysisпламефотометри́ческий ана́лиз — flame photometric analysisпо́лный ана́лиз — complete [total] analysisполуколи́чественный ана́лиз — semiquantitative analysisполяриметри́ческий ана́лиз — polarimetric analysisполярографи́ческий ана́лиз — polarographic analysisпосле́довательный ана́лиз — sequential [successive] analysisпотенциометри́ческий ана́лиз — potentiometric analysisана́лиз пото́ка, квазистациона́рный — quasi-steady flow analysisана́лиз потреби́тельского спро́са — marketing analysisана́лиз преде́льных состоя́ний — limit analysisприближё́нный ана́лиз — approximate analysisпричи́нный ана́лиз — cause-and-effect analysisпроби́рный ана́лиз — assay(ing)проби́рный, мо́крый ана́лиз — wet assay(ing)проби́рный, сухо́й ана́лиз — dry [fire] assay(ing)ана́лиз про́бы из ковша́ — ladle analysisрадиоактивацио́нный ана́лиз — radioactivation analysisана́лиз радиоакти́вности — radioactivity determinationрадиометри́ческий ана́лиз — radiometric analysisана́лиз разго́нкой — distillation analysis, distillation testана́лиз разме́рностей — dimensional analysisра́стровый ана́лиз — scanning analysisрегрессио́нный ана́лиз — regression analysisрентгенографи́ческий ана́лиз — radiographic analysisрентгеноспектра́льный ана́лиз — (analysis by) X-ray spectrometryрентгеноспектра́льный, лока́льный ана́лиз — X-ray microanalysis, electron probe X-ray analysisрентгенострукту́рный ана́лиз — X-ray (diffraction) analysisрентгенофа́зовый ана́лиз — X-ray phase analysisрефрактометри́ческий ана́лиз — refractometric analysisана́лиз руд — ore analysis, ore assayседиментацио́нный ана́лиз — sedimentation analysisседиментометри́ческий ана́лиз — sedimetric [sedimentometric] analysisана́лиз сжига́нием — combustion analysisсистемати́ческий ана́лиз — systematic analysisси́товый ана́лиз — mesh [sieve, screen] analysisана́лиз скани́рованием — analysis by scanningана́лиз спе́ктра вибра́ции — vibration spectrum analysisспектра́льный ана́лиз — spectrum [spectral] analysisспектра́льный, молекуля́рный ана́лиз — molecular spectrum analysisспектра́льный, эмиссио́нный ана́лиз — emission (spectrum) analysisспектрографи́ческий ана́лиз — spectrographic analysisспектрофотометри́ческий ана́лиз — spectrophotometric [absorptimetric] analysisспектрофотометри́ческий ана́лиз в ви́димой ча́сти спе́ктра — visible spectrophotometric analysis, spectrophotometric analysis in the visible regionспектрофотометри́ческий ана́лиз в инфракра́сной о́бласти — infrared spectrophotometric analysis, spectrophotometric analysis in the infrared regionспектрофотометри́ческий ана́лиз в ультрафиоле́товой о́бласти — ultraviolet spectrophotometric analysis, spectrophotometric analysis in the ultraviolet regionана́лиз ста́ли при вы́пуске пла́вки — tapping analysisстатисти́ческий ана́лиз — statistical analysisана́лиз сто́чных вод — sewage analysisстробоскопи́ческий ана́лиз — stroboscopic analysisстру́йный ана́лиз — jet analysisструкту́рный ана́лиз — structural analysisсухо́й ана́лиз — dry analysisте́нзорный ана́лиз — tensor analysisтеплово́й ана́лиз — thermoanalysisтерми́ческий ана́лиз — thermoanalysisтермогравиметри́ческий ана́лиз — thermogravimetric analysisтермомагни́тный ана́лиз — magnetothermal analysisте́хнико-экономи́ческий ана́лиз — technical-economical analysisтехни́ческий ана́лиз — proximate analysisтитриметри́ческий ана́лиз — titrimetric analysis, analysis by titrationтурбидиметри́ческий ана́лиз — turbidimetric analysisфа́зовый ана́лиз — phase analysisфакториа́льный ана́лиз — factor analysisфотометри́ческий ана́лиз — photometric analysisфракцио́нный ана́лиз — fractional analysisфракцио́нный ана́лиз по пло́тности — float-and-sink [densimetric, specific gravity] analysisфункциона́льный ана́лиз — functional analysisхими́ческий ана́лиз — chemical analysisхроматографи́ческий ана́лиз — chromatographic analysisцветово́й ана́лиз — colour separationана́лиз цепе́й — circuit analysisана́лиз цепе́й, маши́нный — computerized circuit analysisчасти́чный ана́лиз — partial analysisчасто́тно-временно́й ана́лиз — time-and-frequency analysis, analysis in the time and frequency domainчасто́тный ана́лиз — frequency (response) analysis, analysis in the frequency domainана́лиз че́рез си́нтез вчт. — analysis by synthesisчи́сленный ана́лиз — numerical analysesана́лиз шу́ма — noise analysisэлектрографи́ческий ана́лиз крист. — electron diffraction analysisэлемента́рный ана́лиз — ultimate [elementary] analysis -
15 conocimiento
m.1 knowledge.hablar/actuar con conocimiento de causa to know what one is talking about/doingponer algo en conocimiento de alguien to bring something to somebody's attention, to inform somebody of somethingtener conocimiento de algo to be aware of somethingha llegado a mi conocimiento que estás insatisfecho it has come to my attention that you are not happy2 consciousness (sentido, conciencia).perder/recobrar el conocimiento to lose/regain consciousnessestaba tumbado en el suelo, sin conocimiento he was lying unconscious on the floor3 awareness, consciousness, cognizance.* * *2 (sensatez) good sense3 (conciencia) consciousness\con conocimiento de causa with full knowledge of the factsperder el conocimiento to lose consciousnessponer algo en conocimiento de alguien to make something known to somebody, inform somebody of somethingrecobrar el conocimiento to regain consciousness, come roundtener conocimiento de algo to know about something* * *noun m.1) knowledge* * *SM1) (=saber) knowledgeconocimientos — (=nociones) knowledge sing
mis pocos conocimientos de filosofía/cocina — my limited knowledge of philosophy/cookery
2) (=información) knowledgeel encuentro tuvo lugar sin conocimiento público — the meeting took place without the public's knowledge
•
dar conocimiento de algo, dimos conocimiento del robo a la policía — we informed the police about the robbery•
llegar a conocimiento de algn — to come to sb's attention o notice•
tener conocimiento de algo, aún no tenemos conocimiento de su detención — we still do not know that he has been arrestedse les informó al tenerse conocimiento del suceso — they were informed as soon as it was known what had happened
desea ponerlo en conocimiento público — he wants it brought to the public's attention, he wishes it to be made public
el Ministro ha puesto en conocimiento del rey su decisión — the minister has informed the king of his decision
conocimiento de causa, hacer algo con conocimiento de causa — to be fully aware of what one is doing
3) (=consciencia) consciousnessrecobrar o recuperar el conocimiento — to regain consciousness
4) (=sentido común) common sense5) (Jur) cognizance frm6) (Com)* * *1)a) ( saber) knowledgeb) conocimientos masculino plural ( nociones) knowledge2) (frml) ( información)dar conocimiento de algo a alguien — to inform o (frml) apprise somebody of something
pongo en su conocimiento que... — (Corresp) I am writing to inform you that...
llegar a conocimiento de alguien — to come to somebody's attention o notice (frml)
con conocimiento de causa: obró con conocimiento de causa (frml) he took this step, fully aware of what the consequences would be; hablo con conocimiento de causa — I know what I'm talking about
3) ( sentido) consciousnessperder/recobrar el conocimiento — to lose/regain consciousness
4) ( entendimiento)aún es pequeño, no tiene todavía conocimiento — he's not old enough to understand
* * *= cognition, competency, enlightenment, expertise, familiarisation [familiarization, -USA], familiarity, insight, knowledge, learning, acquaintance, understanding, cognisance [cognizance, -USA], connoisseurship, consciousness.Ex. The information-processing model of cognition, and developments in artificial intelligence encourage such comparisons = El modelo de la cognición sobre el procesamiento de la información de y los avances de la inteligencia artificial fomentan este tipo de comparaciones.Ex. SLIS programmes intended to 'produce' librarians with competency in the use of IT have to be designed.Ex. Considered as necessary work in the interest of humanity and general enlightenment, bibliography gains ground as the years pass.Ex. Its primary function is to provide a centre for software and hardware expertise for its members.Ex. Step 1 Familiarisation: This first step involves the indexer in becoming conversant with the subject content of the document to be indexed.Ex. The most effective searchers are those who have both system experience and some familiarity with the subject area in which they are searching.Ex. The human indexer works mechanically and rapidly; he should require no insight into the document content.Ex. These factors form the basis of the problems in identifying a satisfactory subject approach, and start to explain the vast array of different tolls used in the subject approach to knowledge.Ex. It is the responsibility of educators to stretch their student's intellects, hone their skills of intuitive judgment and synthesis, and build a love of learning that will sustain them beyond the level of formal education.Ex. It is only with accumulating experience and many years of close study and acquaintance with bibliographic works that a really substantial body of knowledge of the potential of bibliographic sources is acquired.Ex. We librarians ought to have a clearer understanding of our stock-in-trade (books) and their function of social mechanism.Ex. The passive cognisance of growth causes considerable difficulties = El conocimiento pasivo del crecimiento causa dificultades importantes.Ex. This book explores the underlying institutional factors that help museum-based connoisseurship and aestheticism and university-based critical theory and revisionist scholarship exist.Ex. For example, the latter are unlikely to engage themselves in conservation issues as these now press upon the professional consciousness of librarians.----* actualizar los conocimientos = upgrade + Posesivo + skills.* adquirir conocimiento = gain + knowledge, glean + knowledge, acquire + knowledge, build up + knowledge.* ampliar el conocimiento = expand + Posesivo + knowledge, expand + Posesivo + knowledge, widen + knowledge, broaden + knowledge, deepen + understanding.* ampliar las fronteras del conocimiento = push back + the frontiers of knowledge.* análisis de áreas del conocimiento = domain analysis.* análisis de dominios del conocimiento = domain analysis.* aprendizaje rico en conocimiento = knowledge-rich learning.* área de conocimiento = area of study.* área del conocimiento = area of knowledge, discipline, subject field, field of activity, knowledge domain, discipline of knowledge.* aumentar el conocimiento = expand + Posesivo + knowledge, deepen + awareness.* aumento del conocimiento = knowledge building.* bannco de conocimiento = knowledge bank.* basado en el conocimiento = knowledge-based.* basado en las disciplinas del conocimiento = discipline-based.* bibliotecario con conocimientos de medicina = informationist.* búsqueda del conocimiento = quest for/of knowledge.* campo del conocimiento = field of knowledge.* centrado en el conocimiento = knowledge-centric.* ciencia del conocimiento = cognitive science.* compartir el conocimiento = knowledge sharing, pool + knowledge.* con conocimiento = authoritatively.* con conocimiento básico en el manejo de la información = information literate [information-literate].* con conocimiento básico en el uso de la biblioteca = library literate [library-literate].* con conocimiento de = appreciative of, conversant with.* con conocimiento de causa = knowingly, knowingly.* con conocimiento de informática = computer literate [computer-literate].* con conocimiento en el uso de Internet = Internet-savvy.* con conocimientos en = versed in.* con conocimientos sobre el correo electrónico = e-mail literate.* con el conocimiento de que = on the understanding that.* conjunto de conocimientos = body of knowledge.* conocimiento académico = academic knowledge.* conocimiento acumulado sobre un tema = lore.* conocimiento básico = working familiarity, working knowledge.* conocimiento científico = scientific knowledge.* conocimiento compartido = knowledge sharing.* conocimiento de base = foundation study.* conocimiento de cómo sobrevivir en el bosque = woodcraft.* conocimiento de embarque = bill of lading.* conocimiento de la existencia = awareness.* conocimiento de lengua = language skill.* conocimiento del objeto = object knowledge.* conocimiento de los diferentes soportes = media competency.* conocimiento detallado = intimate knowledge.* conocimiento de un área temática = area knowledge.* conocimiento documentado = recorded knowledge.* conocimiento enciclopédico = factual knowledge.* conocimiento en tecnología = technological skill.* conocimiento específico = expert knowledge.* conocimiento experto = expert knowledge, expertise.* conocimiento explícito = explicit knowledge.* conocimiento factual = declarative knowledge.* conocimiento humano = human consciousness.* conocimiento humano, el = human record, the.* conocimiento indígena = indigenous knowledge.* conocimiento lingüístico = language skill.* conocimiento mutuo = mutual knowledge.* conocimiento pasivo = nodding acquaintance.* conocimiento pleno = awareness.* conocimiento práctico = working knowledge, procedural knowledge.* conocimiento previo = foreknowledge.* conocimientos = knowledge base [knowledge-base].* conocimientos básicos = literacy.* conocimientos básicos de búsqueda, recuperación y organización de informació = information literacy.* conocimientos básicos de documentación = information literacy.* conocimientos básicos de informática = computer literacy.* conocimientos básicos en tecnología = technical literacy.* conocimientos básicos sobre el uso de las bibliotecas = library skills.* conocimientos de tecnología = techno-savvy, tech-savvy.* conocimientos en el manejo de la información = info-savvy.* conocimiento sobre una materia = subject knowledge.* conocimientos requeridos = job specs.* conocimiento tácito = tacit knowledge, tacit knowledge, tacit knowledge.* conocimiento técnico = know-how, technical knowledge.* conocimiento teórico = declarative knowledge.* con poco conocimiento de las nuevas tecnologías = technologically challenged.* corpus de conocimiento = corpus of knowledge.* crear un fondo común de conocimientos = pool + knowledge.* cúmulo de conocimiento = repository of knowledge, knowledge repository.* decisión con conocimiento de causa = informed decision.* difundir el conocimiento = spread + knowledge.* director ejecutivo de la gestión del conocimiento = knowledge executive.* dominio del conocimiento = knowledge domain.* economía basada en el conocimiento = knowledge driven economy.* economía del conocimiento = knowledge economy.* Era del Conocimiento, la = Knowledge Age, the.* estructuración del conocimiento = knowledge structuring.* examinar los conocimientos = test + knowledge.* falta de conocimiento = unfamiliarity.* filtro del conocimiento = knowledge filter.* fomentar el conocimiento = advance + knowledge.* fondo común de conocimientos = pool of knowledge, pool of expertise.* frontera del conocimiento = frontier of knowledge.* fundamentos del conocimiento, los = foundations of knowledge, the.* gestión del conocimiento = knowledge management (KM).* gestor del conocimiento = knowledge worker, knowledge manager.* hacer avanzar el conocimiento = push back + the frontiers of knowledge.* hacer gala del conocimiento que uno tiene = air + knowledge.* hacer perder el conocimiento = knock + Nombre + out, knock + Nombre + unconscious.* hacer uso de un conocimiento = draw on/upon + knowledge.* impartir conocimiento = impart + knowledge.* inculcar conocimiento = instil + knowledge.* ingeniería del conocimiento = knowledge engineering.* ingeniero del conocimiento = knowledge engineer.* institucion del conocimiento = institution of learning.* intercambio de conocimientos = learning exchange, cross-fertilisation [cross-fertilization, -USA], cross-fertilisation of knowledge.* jefe de los servicios de gestión del conocimiento = chief knowledge officer (CKO).* metaconocimiento = meta-knowledge.* navegación por el conocimiento = knowledge navigation.* navegador del conocimiento = knowledge navigator.* obtener conocimiento = gain + an understanding.* ofrecer conocimiento = package + knowledge.* perder el conocimiento = lose + Posesivo + senses, pass out, lose + Posesivo + consciousness.* pérdida del conocimiento = unconsciousness, fainting, fainting fit, loss of consciousness.* personas sin conocimientos técnicos, las = non-technical, the.* presentar conocimiento = package + knowledge.* producto del conocimiento = knowledge record.* profundizar en el conocimiento = deepen + knowledge.* propagar el conocimiento = propagate + knowledge.* proporcionar conocimientos técnicos = supply + know-how.* quedarse sin conocimiento = lose + Posesivo + consciousness, pass out.* rama del conocimiento = branch of learning.* recobrar el conocimiento = regain + Posesivo + consciousness.* recuperar el conocimiento = regain + Posesivo + consciousness.* red de conocimiento = knowledge network.* servidor del conocimiento = knowledge server.* sin conocimiento = unconscious.* sin conocimiento de causa = unbeknown to, unbeknownst to.* sintetizar el conocimiento = synthesise + knowledge.* sistema basado en el conocimiento = knowledge-base system.* sistema de gestión del conocimiento = knowledge management system (KMS).* sociedad basada en el conocimiento = knowledge based society.* sociedad del conocimiento = knowledge society.* Sociedad para el Conocimiento Global = Global Knowledge Partnership.* suministrar conocimientos técnicos = supply + know-how.* tener conocimiento de = be privy to, be aware of.* toma de decisiones con conocimiento de causa = informed decision making.* tomar decisiones con conocimiento de causa = make + informed decisions.* transferencia de conocimiento = transfer of knowledge, knowledge transfer.* utilizar los conocimientos de Uno = put + Posesivo + knowledge to work.* * *1)a) ( saber) knowledgeb) conocimientos masculino plural ( nociones) knowledge2) (frml) ( información)dar conocimiento de algo a alguien — to inform o (frml) apprise somebody of something
pongo en su conocimiento que... — (Corresp) I am writing to inform you that...
llegar a conocimiento de alguien — to come to somebody's attention o notice (frml)
con conocimiento de causa: obró con conocimiento de causa (frml) he took this step, fully aware of what the consequences would be; hablo con conocimiento de causa — I know what I'm talking about
3) ( sentido) consciousnessperder/recobrar el conocimiento — to lose/regain consciousness
4) ( entendimiento)aún es pequeño, no tiene todavía conocimiento — he's not old enough to understand
* * *= cognition, competency, enlightenment, expertise, familiarisation [familiarization, -USA], familiarity, insight, knowledge, learning, acquaintance, understanding, cognisance [cognizance, -USA], connoisseurship, consciousness.Ex: The information-processing model of cognition, and developments in artificial intelligence encourage such comparisons = El modelo de la cognición sobre el procesamiento de la información de y los avances de la inteligencia artificial fomentan este tipo de comparaciones.
Ex: SLIS programmes intended to 'produce' librarians with competency in the use of IT have to be designed.Ex: Considered as necessary work in the interest of humanity and general enlightenment, bibliography gains ground as the years pass.Ex: Its primary function is to provide a centre for software and hardware expertise for its members.Ex: Step 1 Familiarisation: This first step involves the indexer in becoming conversant with the subject content of the document to be indexed.Ex: The most effective searchers are those who have both system experience and some familiarity with the subject area in which they are searching.Ex: The human indexer works mechanically and rapidly; he should require no insight into the document content.Ex: These factors form the basis of the problems in identifying a satisfactory subject approach, and start to explain the vast array of different tolls used in the subject approach to knowledge.Ex: It is the responsibility of educators to stretch their student's intellects, hone their skills of intuitive judgment and synthesis, and build a love of learning that will sustain them beyond the level of formal education.Ex: It is only with accumulating experience and many years of close study and acquaintance with bibliographic works that a really substantial body of knowledge of the potential of bibliographic sources is acquired.Ex: We librarians ought to have a clearer understanding of our stock-in-trade (books) and their function of social mechanism.Ex: The passive cognisance of growth causes considerable difficulties = El conocimiento pasivo del crecimiento causa dificultades importantes.Ex: This book explores the underlying institutional factors that help museum-based connoisseurship and aestheticism and university-based critical theory and revisionist scholarship exist.Ex: For example, the latter are unlikely to engage themselves in conservation issues as these now press upon the professional consciousness of librarians.* actualizar los conocimientos = upgrade + Posesivo + skills.* adquirir conocimiento = gain + knowledge, glean + knowledge, acquire + knowledge, build up + knowledge.* ampliar el conocimiento = expand + Posesivo + knowledge, expand + Posesivo + knowledge, widen + knowledge, broaden + knowledge, deepen + understanding.* ampliar las fronteras del conocimiento = push back + the frontiers of knowledge.* análisis de áreas del conocimiento = domain analysis.* análisis de dominios del conocimiento = domain analysis.* aprendizaje rico en conocimiento = knowledge-rich learning.* área de conocimiento = area of study.* área del conocimiento = area of knowledge, discipline, subject field, field of activity, knowledge domain, discipline of knowledge.* aumentar el conocimiento = expand + Posesivo + knowledge, deepen + awareness.* aumento del conocimiento = knowledge building.* bannco de conocimiento = knowledge bank.* basado en el conocimiento = knowledge-based.* basado en las disciplinas del conocimiento = discipline-based.* bibliotecario con conocimientos de medicina = informationist.* búsqueda del conocimiento = quest for/of knowledge.* campo del conocimiento = field of knowledge.* centrado en el conocimiento = knowledge-centric.* ciencia del conocimiento = cognitive science.* compartir el conocimiento = knowledge sharing, pool + knowledge.* con conocimiento = authoritatively.* con conocimiento básico en el manejo de la información = information literate [information-literate].* con conocimiento básico en el uso de la biblioteca = library literate [library-literate].* con conocimiento de = appreciative of, conversant with.* con conocimiento de causa = knowingly, knowingly.* con conocimiento de informática = computer literate [computer-literate].* con conocimiento en el uso de Internet = Internet-savvy.* con conocimientos en = versed in.* con conocimientos sobre el correo electrónico = e-mail literate.* con el conocimiento de que = on the understanding that.* conjunto de conocimientos = body of knowledge.* conocimiento académico = academic knowledge.* conocimiento acumulado sobre un tema = lore.* conocimiento básico = working familiarity, working knowledge.* conocimiento científico = scientific knowledge.* conocimiento compartido = knowledge sharing.* conocimiento de base = foundation study.* conocimiento de cómo sobrevivir en el bosque = woodcraft.* conocimiento de embarque = bill of lading.* conocimiento de la existencia = awareness.* conocimiento de lengua = language skill.* conocimiento del objeto = object knowledge.* conocimiento de los diferentes soportes = media competency.* conocimiento detallado = intimate knowledge.* conocimiento de un área temática = area knowledge.* conocimiento documentado = recorded knowledge.* conocimiento enciclopédico = factual knowledge.* conocimiento en tecnología = technological skill.* conocimiento específico = expert knowledge.* conocimiento experto = expert knowledge, expertise.* conocimiento explícito = explicit knowledge.* conocimiento factual = declarative knowledge.* conocimiento humano = human consciousness.* conocimiento humano, el = human record, the.* conocimiento indígena = indigenous knowledge.* conocimiento lingüístico = language skill.* conocimiento mutuo = mutual knowledge.* conocimiento pasivo = nodding acquaintance.* conocimiento pleno = awareness.* conocimiento práctico = working knowledge, procedural knowledge.* conocimiento previo = foreknowledge.* conocimientos = knowledge base [knowledge-base].* conocimientos básicos = literacy.* conocimientos básicos de búsqueda, recuperación y organización de informació = information literacy.* conocimientos básicos de documentación = information literacy.* conocimientos básicos de informática = computer literacy.* conocimientos básicos en tecnología = technical literacy.* conocimientos básicos sobre el uso de las bibliotecas = library skills.* conocimientos de tecnología = techno-savvy, tech-savvy.* conocimientos en el manejo de la información = info-savvy.* conocimiento sobre una materia = subject knowledge.* conocimientos requeridos = job specs.* conocimiento tácito = tacit knowledge, tacit knowledge, tacit knowledge.* conocimiento técnico = know-how, technical knowledge.* conocimiento teórico = declarative knowledge.* con poco conocimiento de las nuevas tecnologías = technologically challenged.* corpus de conocimiento = corpus of knowledge.* crear un fondo común de conocimientos = pool + knowledge.* cúmulo de conocimiento = repository of knowledge, knowledge repository.* decisión con conocimiento de causa = informed decision.* difundir el conocimiento = spread + knowledge.* director ejecutivo de la gestión del conocimiento = knowledge executive.* dominio del conocimiento = knowledge domain.* economía basada en el conocimiento = knowledge driven economy.* economía del conocimiento = knowledge economy.* Era del Conocimiento, la = Knowledge Age, the.* estructuración del conocimiento = knowledge structuring.* examinar los conocimientos = test + knowledge.* falta de conocimiento = unfamiliarity.* filtro del conocimiento = knowledge filter.* fomentar el conocimiento = advance + knowledge.* fondo común de conocimientos = pool of knowledge, pool of expertise.* frontera del conocimiento = frontier of knowledge.* fundamentos del conocimiento, los = foundations of knowledge, the.* gestión del conocimiento = knowledge management (KM).* gestor del conocimiento = knowledge worker, knowledge manager.* hacer avanzar el conocimiento = push back + the frontiers of knowledge.* hacer gala del conocimiento que uno tiene = air + knowledge.* hacer perder el conocimiento = knock + Nombre + out, knock + Nombre + unconscious.* hacer uso de un conocimiento = draw on/upon + knowledge.* impartir conocimiento = impart + knowledge.* inculcar conocimiento = instil + knowledge.* ingeniería del conocimiento = knowledge engineering.* ingeniero del conocimiento = knowledge engineer.* institucion del conocimiento = institution of learning.* intercambio de conocimientos = learning exchange, cross-fertilisation [cross-fertilization, -USA], cross-fertilisation of knowledge.* jefe de los servicios de gestión del conocimiento = chief knowledge officer (CKO).* metaconocimiento = meta-knowledge.* navegación por el conocimiento = knowledge navigation.* navegador del conocimiento = knowledge navigator.* obtener conocimiento = gain + an understanding.* ofrecer conocimiento = package + knowledge.* perder el conocimiento = lose + Posesivo + senses, pass out, lose + Posesivo + consciousness.* pérdida del conocimiento = unconsciousness, fainting, fainting fit, loss of consciousness.* personas sin conocimientos técnicos, las = non-technical, the.* presentar conocimiento = package + knowledge.* producto del conocimiento = knowledge record.* profundizar en el conocimiento = deepen + knowledge.* propagar el conocimiento = propagate + knowledge.* proporcionar conocimientos técnicos = supply + know-how.* quedarse sin conocimiento = lose + Posesivo + consciousness, pass out.* rama del conocimiento = branch of learning.* recobrar el conocimiento = regain + Posesivo + consciousness.* recuperar el conocimiento = regain + Posesivo + consciousness.* red de conocimiento = knowledge network.* servidor del conocimiento = knowledge server.* sin conocimiento = unconscious.* sin conocimiento de causa = unbeknown to, unbeknownst to.* sintetizar el conocimiento = synthesise + knowledge.* sistema basado en el conocimiento = knowledge-base system.* sistema de gestión del conocimiento = knowledge management system (KMS).* sociedad basada en el conocimiento = knowledge based society.* sociedad del conocimiento = knowledge society.* Sociedad para el Conocimiento Global = Global Knowledge Partnership.* suministrar conocimientos técnicos = supply + know-how.* tener conocimiento de = be privy to, be aware of.* toma de decisiones con conocimiento de causa = informed decision making.* tomar decisiones con conocimiento de causa = make + informed decisions.* transferencia de conocimiento = transfer of knowledge, knowledge transfer.* utilizar los conocimientos de Uno = put + Posesivo + knowledge to work.* * *A1 (saber) knowledgetiene algunos conocimientos de inglés he has some knowledge of English, he knows some EnglishB ( frml)(información): dio conocimiento del suceso a las autoridades he informed o ( frml) apprised the authorities of the incidentpuso el hecho en conocimiento de la policía she informed the police of the incident, she reported the incident to the policepongo en su conocimiento que … ( Corresp) I am writing to inform you that …al tener conocimiento del suceso upon learning of the incident ( frml)a esas horas no se tenía todavía conocimiento de la noticia at that time we/they still had not heard the newsciertas personas tienen conocimiento de sus actividades certain people are aware of her activitiesllegar a conocimiento de algn to come to sb's attention o notice ( frml)con conocimiento de causa: obró con conocimiento de causa ( frml); he took this step, fully aware of what the consequences would bete lo digo con conocimiento de causa I know what I'm talking aboutCompuesto:bill of lading, waybillC (sentido) consciousnessperder el conocimiento to lose consciousnesscuando recobró el conocimiento when he regained consciousness, when he came to o roundestar sin conocimiento to be unconsciousD(entendimiento): aún es pequeño, no tiene todavía conocimiento he's not old enough to understand* * *
conocimiento sustantivo masculino
poner algo en conocimiento de algn to inform sb of sth;
tener conocimiento de algo to be aware of sth
◊ perder/recobrar el conocimiento to lose/regain consciousness;
estar sin conocimiento to be unconscious
conocimiento sustantivo masculino
1 knowledge
2 (conciencia) consciousness
3 conocimientos, knowledge
♦ Locuciones: perder/recobrar el conocimiento, to lose/regain consciousness
con conocimiento de causa, with full knowledge of the facts
' conocimiento' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
braga
- ciencia
- conciencia
- desfallecer
- desvanecerse
- dominio
- error
- orientación
- parcela
- revelar
- sentida
- sentido
- experiencia
- perder
- pérdida
- reanimar
- recobrar
- saber
English:
acquaintance
- air
- black out
- blackout
- cognizance
- come to
- comprehensive
- consciousness
- familiarity
- grounding
- improve
- knock out
- knowledge
- notice
- privy
- recover
- self-awareness
- sketchy
- superficial
- thorough
- unconsciousness
- black
- knock
- know
- pass
* * *conocimiento nm1. [saber] knowledge;hablar/actuar con conocimiento de causa to know what one is talking about/doing;puso el robo en conocimiento de la policía she informed the police of the burglary;ponemos en su conocimiento que se ha detectado un error en el programa this is to inform you that an error has been detected in the program;no teníamos conocimiento de su dimisión we were not aware that he had resigned;al tener conocimiento del accidente, acudió inmediatamente al hospital when she found out about the accident she immediately went to the hospital;ha llegado a mi conocimiento que estás insatisfecho it has come to my attention that you are not happy2.conocimientos [nociones] knowledge;tengo algunos conocimientos de informática I have some knowledge of computers, I know a bit about computers;nuestros conocimientos acerca de la enfermedad son muy limitados our knowledge of the disease is very limited, we know very little about the disease3. [sentido, conciencia] consciousness;perder el conocimiento to lose consciousness;recobrar el conocimiento to regain consciousness;estaba tumbado en el suelo, sin conocimiento he was lying unconscious on the floor4. [juicio] (common) sense;no tiene todavía conocimiento para saber lo que es peligroso he doesn't yet have a sense of danger* * *m1 knowledge;poner alguien en conocimiento de algo inform s.o. of sth;para su conocimiento for your information;conocimientos pl ( nociones) knowledge sg2 MED consciousness;perder el conocimiento lose consciousness;sin conocimiento unconscious;recobrar el conocimiento regain consciousness* * *conocimiento nm1) : knowledge2) sentido: consciousness* * *1. (en general) knowledge2. (sentido) consciousness -
16 diferencia de precios
(n.) = price differentiationEx. The analysis found substantial differences in price structure among regions, but less price differentiation based on quality than in prior years.* * *(n.) = price differentiationEx: The analysis found substantial differences in price structure among regions, but less price differentiation based on quality than in prior years.
-
17 en años anteriores
= in prior years, in years past, in past yearsEx. The analysis found substantial differences in price structure among regions, but less price differentiation based on quality than in prior years.Ex. But many shoppers said stores were not knocking down prices as much as in years past.Ex. Public libraries in the USA have experienced severe revenue shortages in past years, leading to reductions in services.* * *= in prior years, in years past, in past yearsEx: The analysis found substantial differences in price structure among regions, but less price differentiation based on quality than in prior years.
Ex: But many shoppers said stores were not knocking down prices as much as in years past.Ex: Public libraries in the USA have experienced severe revenue shortages in past years, leading to reductions in services. -
18 precios
m.pl.pricing.* * *(n.) = pricing, price range, price rate, price structureEx. The aim was to identify and document current trends and practices in costing and pricing, and cost recovery and performance measurement in order to provide assistance to colleagues attempting to resolve financial management issues.Ex. The author reviews some of the features of text retrieval software packages currently on the market with notes on price ranges.Ex. The second reason is that companies have to take care of costs to meet the descending price rate of the market.Ex. The analysis found substantial differences in price structure among regions, but less price differentiation based on quality than in prior years.* * *(n.) = pricing, price range, price rate, price structureEx: The aim was to identify and document current trends and practices in costing and pricing, and cost recovery and performance measurement in order to provide assistance to colleagues attempting to resolve financial management issues.
Ex: The author reviews some of the features of text retrieval software packages currently on the market with notes on price ranges.Ex: The second reason is that companies have to take care of costs to meet the descending price rate of the market.Ex: The analysis found substantial differences in price structure among regions, but less price differentiation based on quality than in prior years. -
19 tarifa de precios
(n.) = pricing structure, pricing algorithm, pricing scheme, pricing model, price structureEx. This paper gives examples of the computer program's main menu structure, the customer addresses file, the types of job completed, pricing structures and cumulative statistics.Ex. This article reviews some of the models used for pricing on-line information services and discusses some of the implications of these pricing algorithms.Ex. The new pricing scheme will be phased in gradually, the plan being to reduce connect fees as other fees are increased.Ex. The growing use of the Internet by publishers will lead to a variety of pricing models for document delivery.Ex. The analysis found substantial differences in price structure among regions, but less price differentiation based on quality than in prior years.* * *(n.) = pricing structure, pricing algorithm, pricing scheme, pricing model, price structureEx: This paper gives examples of the computer program's main menu structure, the customer addresses file, the types of job completed, pricing structures and cumulative statistics.
Ex: This article reviews some of the models used for pricing on-line information services and discusses some of the implications of these pricing algorithms.Ex: The new pricing scheme will be phased in gradually, the plan being to reduce connect fees as other fees are increased.Ex: The growing use of the Internet by publishers will lead to a variety of pricing models for document delivery.Ex: The analysis found substantial differences in price structure among regions, but less price differentiation based on quality than in prior years. -
20 near cash
!гос. фин. The resource budget contains a separate control total for “near cash” expenditure, that is expenditure such as pay and current grants which impacts directly on the measure of the golden rule.This paper provides background information on the framework for the planning and control of public expenditure in the UK which has been operated since the 1998 Comprehensive Spending Review (CSR). It sets out the different classifications of spending for budgeting purposes and why these distinctions have been adopted. It discusses how the public expenditure framework is designed to ensure both sound public finances and an outcome-focused approach to public expenditure.The UK's public spending framework is based on several key principles:"consistency with a long-term, prudent and transparent regime for managing the public finances as a whole;" "the judgement of success by policy outcomes rather than resource inputs;" "strong incentives for departments and their partners in service delivery to plan over several years and plan together where appropriate so as to deliver better public services with greater cost effectiveness; and"the proper costing and management of capital assets to provide the right incentives for public investment.The Government sets policy to meet two firm fiscal rules:"the Golden Rule states that over the economic cycle, the Government will borrow only to invest and not to fund current spending; and"the Sustainable Investment Rule states that net public debt as a proportion of GDP will be held over the economic cycle at a stable and prudent level. Other things being equal, net debt will be maintained below 40 per cent of GDP over the economic cycle.Achievement of the fiscal rules is assessed by reference to the national accounts, which are produced by the Office for National Statistics, acting as an independent agency. The Government sets its spending envelope to comply with these fiscal rules.Departmental Expenditure Limits ( DEL) and Annually Managed Expenditure (AME)"Departmental Expenditure Limit ( DEL) spending, which is planned and controlled on a three year basis in Spending Reviews; and"Annually Managed Expenditure ( AME), which is expenditure which cannot reasonably be subject to firm, multi-year limits in the same way as DEL. AME includes social security benefits, local authority self-financed expenditure, debt interest, and payments to EU institutions.More information about DEL and AME is set out below.In Spending Reviews, firm DEL plans are set for departments for three years. To ensure consistency with the Government's fiscal rules departments are set separate resource (current) and capital budgets. The resource budget contains a separate control total for “near cash” expenditure, that is expenditure such as pay and current grants which impacts directly on the measure of the golden rule.To encourage departments to plan over the medium term departments may carry forward unspent DEL provision from one year into the next and, subject to the normal tests for tautness and realism of plans, may be drawn down in future years. This end-year flexibility also removes any incentive for departments to use up their provision as the year end approaches with less regard to value for money. For the full benefits of this flexibility and of three year plans to feed through into improved public service delivery, end-year flexibility and three year budgets should be cascaded from departments to executive agencies and other budget holders.Three year budgets and end-year flexibility give those managing public services the stability to plan their operations on a sensible time scale. Further, the system means that departments cannot seek to bid up funds each year (before 1997, three year plans were set and reviewed in annual Public Expenditure Surveys). So the credibility of medium-term plans has been enhanced at both central and departmental level.Departments have certainty over the budgetary allocation over the medium term and these multi-year DEL plans are strictly enforced. Departments are expected to prioritise competing pressures and fund these within their overall annual limits, as set in Spending Reviews. So the DEL system provides a strong incentive to control costs and maximise value for money.There is a small centrally held DEL Reserve. Support from the Reserve is available only for genuinely unforeseeable contingencies which departments cannot be expected to manage within their DEL.AME typically consists of programmes which are large, volatile and demand-led, and which therefore cannot reasonably be subject to firm multi-year limits. The biggest single element is social security spending. Other items include tax credits, Local Authority Self Financed Expenditure, Scottish Executive spending financed by non-domestic rates, and spending financed from the proceeds of the National Lottery.AME is reviewed twice a year as part of the Budget and Pre-Budget Report process reflecting the close integration of the tax and benefit system, which was enhanced by the introduction of tax credits.AME is not subject to the same three year expenditure limits as DEL, but is still part of the overall envelope for public expenditure. Affordability is taken into account when policy decisions affecting AME are made. The Government has committed itself not to take policy measures which are likely to have the effect of increasing social security or other elements of AME without taking steps to ensure that the effects of those decisions can be accommodated prudently within the Government's fiscal rules.Given an overall envelope for public spending, forecasts of AME affect the level of resources available for DEL spending. Cautious estimates and the AME margin are built in to these AME forecasts and reduce the risk of overspending on AME.Together, DEL plus AME sum to Total Managed Expenditure (TME). TME is a measure drawn from national accounts. It represents the current and capital spending of the public sector. The public sector is made up of central government, local government and public corporations.Resource and Capital Budgets are set in terms of accruals information. Accruals information measures resources as they are consumed rather than when the cash is paid. So for example the Resource Budget includes a charge for depreciation, a measure of the consumption or wearing out of capital assets."Non cash charges in budgets do not impact directly on the fiscal framework. That may be because the national accounts use a different way of measuring the same thing, for example in the case of the depreciation of departmental assets. Or it may be that the national accounts measure something different: for example, resource budgets include a cost of capital charge reflecting the opportunity cost of holding capital; the national accounts include debt interest."Within the Resource Budget DEL, departments have separate controls on:"Near cash spending, the sub set of Resource Budgets which impacts directly on the Golden Rule; and"The amount of their Resource Budget DEL that departments may spend on running themselves (e.g. paying most civil servants’ salaries) is limited by Administration Budgets, which are set in Spending Reviews. Administration Budgets are used to ensure that as much money as practicable is available for front line services and programmes. These budgets also help to drive efficiency improvements in departments’ own activities. Administration Budgets exclude the costs of frontline services delivered directly by departments.The Budget preceding a Spending Review sets an overall envelope for public spending that is consistent with the fiscal rules for the period covered by the Spending Review. In the Spending Review, the Budget AME forecast for year one of the Spending Review period is updated, and AME forecasts are made for the later years of the Spending Review period.The 1998 Comprehensive Spending Review ( CSR), which was published in July 1998, was a comprehensive review of departmental aims and objectives alongside a zero-based analysis of each spending programme to determine the best way of delivering the Government's objectives. The 1998 CSR allocated substantial additional resources to the Government's key priorities, particularly education and health, for the three year period from 1999-2000 to 2001-02.Delivering better public services does not just depend on how much money the Government spends, but also on how well it spends it. Therefore the 1998 CSR introduced Public Service Agreements (PSAs). Each major government department was given its own PSA setting out clear targets for achievements in terms of public service improvements.The 1998 CSR also introduced the DEL/ AME framework for the control of public spending, and made other framework changes. Building on the investment and reforms delivered by the 1998 CSR, successive spending reviews in 2000, 2002 and 2004 have:"provided significant increase in resources for the Government’s priorities, in particular health and education, and cross-cutting themes such as raising productivity; extending opportunity; and building strong and secure communities;" "enabled the Government significantly to increase investment in public assets and address the legacy of under investment from past decades. Departmental Investment Strategies were introduced in SR2000. As a result there has been a steady increase in public sector net investment from less than ¾ of a per cent of GDP in 1997-98 to 2¼ per cent of GDP in 2005-06, providing better infrastructure across public services;" "introduced further refinements to the performance management framework. PSA targets have been reduced in number over successive spending reviews from around 300 to 110 to give greater focus to the Government’s highest priorities. The targets have become increasingly outcome-focused to deliver further improvements in key areas of public service delivery across Government. They have also been refined in line with the conclusions of the Devolving Decision Making Review to provide a framework which encourages greater devolution and local flexibility. Technical Notes were introduced in SR2000 explaining how performance against each PSA target will be measured; and"not only allocated near cash spending to departments, but also – since SR2002 - set Resource DEL plans for non cash spending.To identify what further investments and reforms are needed to equip the UK for the global challenges of the decade ahead, on 19 July 2005 the Chief Secretary to the Treasury announced that the Government intends to launch a second Comprehensive Spending Review (CSR) reporting in 2007.A decade on from the first CSR, the 2007 CSR will represent a long-term and fundamental review of government expenditure. It will cover departmental allocations for 2008-09, 2009-10 and 2010 11. Allocations for 2007-08 will be held to the agreed figures already announced by the 2004 Spending Review. To provide a rigorous analytical framework for these departmental allocations, the Government will be taking forward a programme of preparatory work over 2006 involving:"an assessment of what the sustained increases in spending and reforms to public service delivery have achieved since the first CSR. The assessment will inform the setting of new objectives for the decade ahead;" "an examination of the key long-term trends and challenges that will shape the next decade – including demographic and socio-economic change, globalisation, climate and environmental change, global insecurity and technological change – together with an assessment of how public services will need to respond;" "to release the resources needed to address these challenges, and to continue to secure maximum value for money from public spending over the CSR period, a set of zero-based reviews of departments’ baseline expenditure to assess its effectiveness in delivering the Government’s long-term objectives; together with"further development of the efficiency programme, building on the cross cutting areas identified in the Gershon Review, to embed and extend ongoing efficiency savings into departmental expenditure planning.The 2007 CSR also offers the opportunity to continue to refine the PSA framework so that it drives effective delivery and the attainment of ambitious national standards.Public Service Agreements (PSAs) were introduced in the 1998 CSR. They set out agreed targets detailing the outputs and outcomes departments are expected to deliver with the resources allocated to them. The new spending regime places a strong emphasis on outcome targets, for example in providing for better health and higher educational standards or service standards. The introduction in SR2004 of PSA ‘standards’ will ensure that high standards in priority areas are maintained.The Government monitors progress against PSA targets, and departments report in detail twice a year in their annual Departmental Reports (published in spring) and in their autumn performance reports. These reports provide Parliament and the public with regular updates on departments’ performance against their targets.Technical Notes explain how performance against each PSA target will be measured.To make the most of both new investment and existing assets, there needs to be a coherent long term strategy against which investment decisions are taken. Departmental Investment Strategies (DIS) set out each department's plans to deliver the scale and quality of capital stock needed to underpin its objectives. The DIS includes information about the department's existing capital stock and future plans for that stock, as well as plans for new investment. It also sets out the systems that the department has in place to ensure that it delivers its capital programmes effectively.This document was updated on 19 December 2005.Near-cash resource expenditure that has a related cash implication, even though the timing of the cash payment may be slightly different. For example, expenditure on gas or electricity supply is incurred as the fuel is used, though the cash payment might be made in arrears on aquarterly basis. Other examples of near-cash expenditure are: pay, rental.Net cash requirement the upper limit agreed by Parliament on the cash which a department may draw from theConsolidated Fund to finance the expenditure within the ambit of its Request forResources. It is equal to the agreed amount of net resources and net capital less non-cashitems and working capital.Non-cash cost costs where there is no cash transaction but which are included in a body’s accounts (or taken into account in charging for a service) to establish the true cost of all the resourcesused.Non-departmental a body which has a role in the processes of government, but is not a government public body, NDPBdepartment or part of one. NDPBs accordingly operate at arm’s length from governmentMinisters.Notional cost of a cost which is taken into account in setting fees and charges to improve comparability with insuranceprivate sector service providers.The charge takes account of the fact that public bodies donot generally pay an insurance premium to a commercial insurer.the independent body responsible for collecting and publishing official statistics about theUK’s society and economy. (At the time of going to print legislation was progressing tochange this body to the Statistics Board).Office of Government an office of the Treasury, with a status similar to that of an agency, which aims to maximise Commerce, OGCthe government’s purchasing power for routine items and combine professional expertiseto bear on capital projects.Office of the the government department responsible for discharging the Paymaster General’s statutoryPaymaster General,responsibilities to hold accounts and make payments for government departments and OPGother public bodies.Orange bookthe informal title for Management of Risks: Principles and Concepts, which is published by theTreasury for the guidance of public sector bodies.Office for NationalStatistics, ONS60Managing Public Money————————————————————————————————————————"GLOSSARYOverdraftan account with a negative balance.Parliament’s formal agreement to authorise an activity or expenditure.Prerogative powerspowers exercisable under the Royal Prerogative, ie powers which are unique to the Crown,as contrasted with common-law powers which may be available to the Crown on the samebasis as to natural persons.Primary legislationActs which have been passed by the Westminster Parliament and, where they haveappropriate powers, the Scottish Parliament and the Northern Ireland Assembly. Begin asBills until they have received Royal Assent.arrangements under which a public sector organisation contracts with a private sectorentity to construct a facility and provide associated services of a specified quality over asustained period. See annex 7.5.Proprietythe principle that patterns of resource consumption should respect Parliament’s intentions,conventions and control procedures, including any laid down by the PAC. See box 2.4.Public Accountssee Committee of Public Accounts.CommitteePublic corporationa trading body controlled by central government, local authority or other publiccorporation that has substantial day to day operating independence. See section 7.8.Public Dividend finance provided by government to public sector bodies as an equity stake; an alternative to Capital, PDCloan finance.Public Service sets out what the public can expect the government to deliver with its resources. EveryAgreement, PSAlarge government department has PSA(s) which specify deliverables as targets or aimsrelated to objectives.a structured arrangement between a public sector and a private sector organisation tosecure an outcome delivering good value for money for the public sector. It is classified tothe public or private sector according to which has more control.Rate of returnthe financial remuneration delivered by a particular project or enterprise, expressed as apercentage of the net assets employed.Regularitythe principle that resource consumption should accord with the relevant legislation, therelevant delegated authority and this document. See box 2.4.Request for the functional level into which departmental Estimates may be split. RfRs contain a number Resources, RfRof functions being carried out by the department in pursuit of one or more of thatdepartment’s objectives.Resource accountan accruals account produced in line with the Financial Reporting Manual (FReM).Resource accountingthe system under which budgets, Estimates and accounts are constructed in a similar wayto commercial audited accounts, so that both plans and records of expenditure allow in fullfor the goods and services which are to be, or have been, consumed – ie not just the cashexpended.Resource budgetthe means by which the government plans and controls the expenditure of resources tomeet its objectives.Restitutiona legal concept which allows money and property to be returned to its rightful owner. Ittypically operates where another person can be said to have been unjustly enriched byreceiving such monies.Return on capital the ratio of profit to capital employed of an accounting entity during an identified period.employed, ROCEVarious measures of profit and of capital employed may be used in calculating the ratio.Public Privatepartnership, PPPPrivate Finance Initiative, PFIParliamentaryauthority61Managing Public Money"————————————————————————————————————————GLOSSARYRoyal charterthe document setting out the powers and constitution of a corporation established underprerogative power of the monarch acting on Privy Council advice.Second readingthe second formal time that a House of Parliament may debate a bill, although in practicethe first substantive debate on its content. If successful, it is deemed to denoteParliamentary approval of the principle of the proposed legislation.Secondary legislationlaws, including orders and regulations, which are made using powers in primary legislation.Normally used to set out technical and administrative provision in greater detail thanprimary legislation, they are subject to a less intense level of scrutiny in Parliament.European legislation is,however,often implemented in secondary legislation using powers inthe European Communities Act 1972.Service-level agreement between parties, setting out in detail the level of service to be performed.agreementWhere agreements are between central government bodies, they are not legally a contractbut have a similar function.Shareholder Executive a body created to improve the government’s performance as a shareholder in businesses.Spending reviewsets out the key improvements in public services that the public can expect over a givenperiod. It includes a thorough review of departmental aims and objectives to find the bestway of delivering the government’s objectives, and sets out the spending plans for the givenperiod.State aidstate support for a domestic body or company which could distort EU competition and sois not usually allowed. See annex 4.9.Statement of Excessa formal statement detailing departments’ overspends prepared by the Comptroller andAuditor General as a result of undertaking annual audits.Statement on Internal an annual statement that Accounting Officers are required to make as part of the accounts Control, SICon a range of risk and control issues.Subheadindividual elements of departmental expenditure identifiable in Estimates as single cells, forexample cell A1 being administration costs within a particular line of departmental spending.Supplyresources voted by Parliament in response to Estimates, for expenditure by governmentdepartments.Supply Estimatesa statement of the resources the government needs in the coming financial year, and forwhat purpose(s), by which Parliamentary authority is sought for the planned level ofexpenditure and income.Target rate of returnthe rate of return required of a project or enterprise over a given period, usually at least a year.Third sectorprivate sector bodies which do not act commercially,including charities,social and voluntaryorganisations and other not-for-profit collectives. See annex 7.7.Total Managed a Treasury budgeting term which covers all current and capital spending carried out by the Expenditure,TMEpublic sector (ie not just by central departments).Trading fundan organisation (either within a government department or forming one) which is largely orwholly financed from commercial revenue generated by its activities. Its Estimate shows itsnet impact, allowing its income from receipts to be devoted entirely to its business.Treasury Minutea formal administrative document drawn up by the Treasury, which may serve a wide varietyof purposes including seeking Parliamentary approval for the use of receipts asappropriations in aid, a remission of some or all of the principal of voted loans, andresponding on behalf of the government to reports by the Public Accounts Committee(PAC).62Managing Public Money————————————————————————————————————————GLOSSARY63Managing Public MoneyValue for moneythe process under which organisation’s procurement, projects and processes aresystematically evaluated and assessed to provide confidence about suitability, effectiveness,prudence,quality,value and avoidance of error and other waste,judged for the public sectoras a whole.Virementthe process through which funds are moved between subheads such that additionalexpenditure on one is met by savings on one or more others.Votethe process by which Parliament approves funds in response to supply Estimates.Voted expenditureprovision for expenditure that has been authorised by Parliament. Parliament ‘votes’authority for public expenditure through the Supply Estimates process. Most expenditureby central government departments is authorised in this way.Wider market activity activities undertaken by central government organisations outside their statutory duties,using spare capacity and aimed at generating a commercial profit. See annex 7.6.Windfallmonies received by a department which were not anticipated in the spending review.————————————————————————————————————————
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